-ویروس کرونا که شیوع آن در ماه دسامبر 2019 در چین آغاز کشد اکنون به 75 کشور جهان از جمله هند سرایت کرده و بیش از 3 هزار قربانی برجای گذاشته است. 80 درصد مبتلایان به کرونا بدون نیاز به درمان، بهبود می یابند. از جمله اقداماتی که دولت ها باید حتما به آن توجه داشته باشند آگاهی بخشیدن به توده مردم درباره این بیماری است. شفاف بودن مقامات رسمی درباره این بیماری از اهمیتی فوق العاده برخوردار است . اگر مردم به صداقت زمامداران باور داشته باشند تدابیر لازم را بهتر اتخاذ خواهند کرد.
مبارزه با ویروس کرونا، در کنار همدیگر
1-ویروس
کرونا که شیوع آن در ماه دسامبر 2019 در چین آغاز کشد اکنون به 75 کشور
جهان از جمله هند سرایت کرده و بیش از 3 هزار قربانی برجای گذاشته است. 80
درصد مبتلایان به کرونا بدون نیاز به درمان، بهبود می یابند.
2- افراد
سالخورده و کسانی که از ناراحتی های قلبی ، فشار خون و قند خون رنج می برند
بیش از دیگران آسیب پذیرند. ترخ تلفات بین یک دهم درصد تا دو درصد است.
3-
تلاش برای تولید واکسن برای مقابله با این ویروس آغاز شده است اما بین 12
تا 18 ماه طول می کشد تا واکس برای استفاده روی انسان آماده شود. کسانی که
علائم بیماری کرونا را ندارند نیاز به استفاده از ماسک نیز ندارند. سازمان
بهداشت جهانی از کمبود اقلام مربوط به حفاظت فردی در برابر این ویروس به
شدت نگران است.
4- از جمله اقداماتی که دولت ها باید حتما به آن توجه
داشته باشند آگاهی بخشیدن به توده مردم درباره این بیماری است. شفاف بودن
مقامات رسمی درباره این بیماری از اهمیتی فوق العاده برخوردار است . اگر
مردم به صداقت زمامداران باور داشته باشند تدابیر لازم را بهتر اتخاذ
خواهند کرد.
5- سازمان بهداشت جهانی آمادگی دارد به هند و دیگر کشورهای
درگیر این بیماری برای مقابله با آن کمک کند. همانگونه که مدیر کل سازمان
بهداشت جهانی گفته است امروزه بزرگترین دشمن، خود ویروس کرونا نیست بلکه
ایجاد وحشت ، شایعه سازی و برخورد نا مناسب با افراد مبتلا به کرونا عمده
ترین عامل بازدارنده در مقابله با این بیمای و بازگو کردن واقعیت ها ،
عقلانیت و همبستگی بزرگترین سرمایه در مبارزه با کرونا محسوب می شود.
منبع : اداره کل رسان های خارجی
Combating coronavirus, together
Prepare for increases, monitor its spread, be open with the people, coordinate all efforts
ANALYSIS Updated: Mar 08, 2020 20:20 IST
Soumya Swaminathan
School
students seen wearing protective masks as a precautionary measure
against coronavirus, New Delhi, March 5, 2020(Sanchit Khanna/HT PHOTO)
The
outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, which began in
China in December 2019, has since spread rapidly around the world. The
disease has now been detected in more than 75 countries, including
India, causing over 3,000 deaths worldwide. It is caused by SARS-like
corona virus. Other members of the group cause the common cold.
The
symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue, and a dry cough. Some
patients have aches and pains, a sore throat, or diarrhoea. The good
news is that for most people, the disease is mild; about 80% will
recover from the disease without the need for special treatment.
However,
older people and those with medical conditions such as high blood
pressure, heart disease, and diabetes, may become seriously ill. About 2
to 3% of people with the disease have died. This death rate is much
higher than for seasonal influenza (0.1%). Only 2% of confirmed cases
have been in children and adolescents of less than 20 years — it is
unknown what role children play in transmission of the disease.
There
are as yet no specific treatments to treat the disease, nor is a
vaccine available. Vaccines are in development, but it will be at least
12-18 months before any are ready for use. Many repurposed drugs
(including those used to treat HIV, influenza and other viral
infections) are undergoing clinical trials, along with adjunctive
treatments. Currently, management consists of symptomatic and supportive
treatment. India should participate in the research and development
effort to develop new tools — diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics —
for this novel virus, as well as contribute to better understanding of
its epidemiology and transmission dynamics.
The virus appears to
spread through droplet transmission. When a person with COVID-19 coughs
or exhales, small droplets from the nose or mouth land on surfaces and
objects around them. When others touch these surfaces and then touch
their eyes, nose, or mouth, or they breathe in droplets from an infected
person, they can catch the virus.
Fortunately, there are several
things people can do to protect themselves. The most important is hand
hygiene. People should wash their hands often with soap and water for 20
to 30 seconds; when water is not available, alcohol-based hand rubs
should be used.
Stay at least one metre (three feet) away from anyone
who is coughing or sneezing. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.
Practice good respiratory hygiene; cough or sneeze into a tissue or into
your bent elbow. Dispose of used tissues immediately. People who feel
unwell should stay at home.
People who do not have symptoms do not
need to wear a medical mask. But those who do have symptoms and those
who are caring for people with symptoms should wear masks. The World
Health Organization (WHO) is deeply concerned by disruptions to the
global supply of personal protective equipment, including medical masks,
gloves, gowns, and aprons. Some of these shortages have been caused by
irrational panic buying.
Everyone should follow the latest advice from national and local public health authorities.
What should these authorities be doing now?
All
countries, including India, should have already activated their
national public health emergency management mechanisms. For many
countries, this will mean adapting an existing preparedness plan for
influenza pandemics. The Integrated Health Information platform (IHIP)
of the ministry of health can be used for epidemiological surveillance
for unusual outbreaks of influenza-like illness and severe pneumonia.
Large-scale laboratory testing is critical, as is information sharing.
Cases need to be rapidly detected and their contacts comprehensively and
rapidly traced. Infection prevention and control practices in health
facilities and communities should be reviewed and enhanced where
necessary.
Health care facilities and staff should be prepared for
large increases in numbers of people with suspected COVID-19. Geographic
spread of the virus should be monitored, as well as transmission
intensity, disease trends, characterisation of virologic features, and
assessment of the impact of the disease on health care services.
Information should be available for travellers and staff at points of
entry (airports, ports).
One of the most critical things governments
can do is to communicate clearly and accurately with the public. People
need to understand what public health authorities do and do not know
about the disease, and what they are doing to contain it. Clear and
consistent messages from trusted experts and community leaders need to
be disseminated in local languages. Two-way channels, such as text and
telephone hotlines, and social media should be established so the
population can get information and ask questions. This is also key to
combating the spread of myths and misinformation.
I cannot emphasise
enough how important it is for public officials to be transparent and
open with the public. When citizens believe their government is being
candid with them, they are more likely to take protective measures for
themselves and their communities. Public health measures need to be
tailored to particular situations and be frequently evaluated and
updated, based on changing epidemiology. WHO is ready to assist India
and all other countries in this outbreak. Technical guidance has been
assembled, as well as a freely accessible database of publications on
COVID-19. A wealth of resources, including a daily situation report,
news releases, summaries of press briefings, and infographics for
printing and social-media sharing, is available for the public,
policymakers, clinicians, and public health officials.
Coordination
and collaboration are essential to combat this common threat. As the
director general of WHO Dr Tedros has said “Our greatest enemy right now
is not the coronavirus itself. It’s fear, rumours and stigma”. And our
greatest assets are facts, reason and solidarity.
Soumya Swaminathan is chief scientist, World Health Organization, Geneva